References to Chapter 6

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2. Ramstrom LM. A case of lung cancer classified as occupational injury due to passive smoking at the workplace -- a ruling of the Swedish Insurance Court of Appeal. Stockholm: National Smoking and Health Association, 1986.

3. Clement B, Hall C. Passive smoking victory may lead to cigarette ban. The Independent [London] 1993 January 28: 1.

4. Woodward SD, Winstanley MH. Lung cancer and passive smoking at work: the Carroll case. Med J Aust 1990; 153: 682-684.

5. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: Lung cancer and other disorders. Publication EPA/600/6-90/006F. Washington DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency, December 1992.

6. Derkley M, Alcohol and Drug Service, ACT Health. [Personal communication to N Walker and others] 1994 September 21.

7. Norman B. Assembly rejects landmark smoking ban in restaurants. Canberra Times 1994 September 21: 2.

8. Critchley C. Smoking crackdown part of health plan. Herald Sun [Melbourne] 1994 October 1: 6.

9. House of Representatives, Hansard. 1986 November 13: 2979.

10. Senate, Hansard. 1991 June 3: 4089-4094.

11. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission. Guidance note on passive smoking in the workplace [NOHSC:3019(1994)]. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1994.

12. Francey N, Barrister-at-Law. [Personal communication to N Walker] 1994 September 1.

13. Everingham R, Woodward S (eds). Tobacco litigation. The case against passive smoking. AFCO v TIA. An historic Australian judgement. Sydney: Legal Books, 1991.

14. Dutch Foundation on Smoking and Health (Stivoro). Tobacco industry withdraws from lawsuit against Stivoro [Media release]. Dutch Foundation on Smoking and Health, 1991 July 31.

15. Lee PN. [Personal communication to Dr Paul Magnus, National Heart Foundation of Australia, Canberra] 1986 July.

16. Chapman S, Woodward S. Australian court rules that passive smoking causes lung cancer, asthma attacks, and respiratory disease. Br Med J 1991; 302: 943-945.

17. Tobacco Institute of Australia Limited v Australian Federation of Consumer Organisations Inc (1992) 38 FCR 1.

18. Tobacco Institute of Australia Limited v Australian Federation of Consumer Organisations Inc (No 2) (1993) 41 FCR 89.

19. Boreham G. Court backs passive smoking ruling. The Age 1992 December 19: 3.

20. Francey N, Barrister. [Personal communication to Ms Jane Martin, Victorian Smoking and Health Program] 1994 May 18.

21. Jinman R, Lawson B. Tobacco lobby free to publicise position. The Australian 1993 March 11: 3.

22. Laurence M. Smoking may be a business hazard. Australian Business 1991 May 1: 44-47.

23. Anonymous. Employers' right to ban smoking at work. CCH Australian Employment Law Guide Workplace Update. 1991; 64: 1-2.

24. Carter T, Group Manager Western Australia, Insurance Council of Australia Limited [Personal communication to N Walker] 1994 March 4.

25. Bagwell S. Aust lights up world's anti-smoking troops. Financial Review 1992 July 20: 12.

26. Anonymous. Passive smoker wins test case. The Clean Air Clarion 1992 April-June: 1, 4.

27. Ragg M. Australia: Passive smoking prosecution. Lancet 1991; 341: 167.

28. Francey N. Post postscript. Australian Product Liability Reporter 1993; 4: 98-99.

29. Turner J, Kerin J. Warning: smokers costly. The Adelaide Advertiser 1991 April 24: 3.

30. Turner J. Smoke claim win SA's first. The Adelaide Advertiser 1991 April 23: 1.

31. McDonnell S. State pays victim of passive smoking. The Australian 1991 August 5: 2.

32. Glascott K. Jury awards $85,000 for passive smoking damage. The Australian 1992 May 28: 1.

33. Magazanik M. Prison officer lodges writ over smoking. The Age 1992 June 25: 17.

34. Anonymous. Passive smoke claim hit prisons. Occupational Health Newsletter 6 July 1995; 349: 1.

35. Johnson P. State sued by court official over smoking. The Age 1992 October 31: 5.

36. Davies JA. Smoking case to test compo changes. The Sunday Age [Melbourne] 1994 February 6: 2.

37 Anonymous. Passive smoking: first award for eye damage. The Sydney Morning Herald 1995 January 19: 3.

38. Anonymous. Jail smoke: state sued. The West Australian 1994 June 7: 27.

39. Anonymous. Nursing home sued for passive smoke. The West Australian 1994 January 18: 9.

40. McDougall B. Passive claim against RSL. Sydney Telegraph-Mirror 1993 March 17: 2.

41. Hall L. Passive smoking suit on college. The Herald-Sun [Melbourne] 1994 June 13: 7.

42. Dibben K. Damages claim on nightclub. Sunday Mail [Brisbane] 1994 September 18: 23.

43. McDonnell S. Anti-smokers hail landmark victory as hotels pay $20,000. The Australian 1991 June 13: 3.

44. Scott J, Falvey C. Qantas stalled on smokes. The Weekend Australian 1995 June 17/18: 1-2.

45. Anonymous. $400,000 smoke bill. The Australian 1995 July 11: 2.

46. Anonymous. Smoke victim wins payout. The West Australian 1994 January 17: 3.

47. Davies JA. Passive smoke cases open a new frontier. The Sunday Age 1993 December 26: 3.

48. Anonymous. $3,500 to cruise non-smoker. The Daily Telegraph-Mirror [Sydney] 1995 June 28: 15.

49. Wilson N, Jackson I. Myer shopper sues on smoke. Herald-Sun [Melbourne] 1994 October 3: 3.

49a. Hawes R. Myer settles passive smoking case. The Australian 1997 6 November:3.

50. Larriera A. Restaurateurs try new push for ban on smoking. The Sydney Morning Herald 1995 January 11:3.

51. Anonymous. Woman sues over smoke in nightclub. The Adelaide Advertiser 1995 March 20: 20.

51a. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Nos H97/50 and H97/51

52. Anonymous. Salesman's job up in smoke because of heart ailments. The Adelaide Advertiser 1986 October 6.

53. Anonymous. Tobacco payout 'not a precedent'. The Adelaide Advertiser 1990 May 5: 4.

54. Anonymous. Smoking death appeal fails. The Geelong Advertiser 1997 March 15: 4.

55. Watt M. Family Law Notes. Protection from passive smoking: legal gas-masks appear on US market. Australian Law News 1992 October: 53.

56. Revalk J. Smoke ban on parents 'not new'. The Adelaide Advertiser 1993 July 28: 6.

57. National Heart Foundation of Australia. Going Smokefree. A guide for workplaces. Canberra: National Heart Foundation of Australia (undated).

58. Commonwealth Department of Health. Guidelines for implementation of the smokefree working environment policy within the Commonwealth Department of Health on 1 December 1986. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health, 1986.

59. Ansell K. Sacked smoker awarded record $195,000. The Age 1991 September 20: 1.

60. Brown O, Gee L. $195,000 for smoker over unfair dismissal. The Adelaide Advertiser 1991 September 21: 1.

61. Mangan J. Pity the poor sidestreamers. Rydges 1987 September: 32.

62. Anonymous. TAB Shops to be smokefree. The West Australian 1991 February 19: 14.

63. Anonymous. TAB smokefree. The Adelaide Advertiser 1991 June 25: 8.

64. Anonymous. TAB smokes ban. Herald-Sun 1991 June 28: 89.

65. Anonymous. All bets off for smokers in ACT TABs. The Canberra Times 1991 September 25: 40.

66. Newsome B. Diggers butt out at work. Herald-Sun 1991 December 9: 3.

67. Mullins R. Smoking restrictions in some of Victoria's main companies: 1993 update preliminary report. Prepared for the Victorian Smoking and Health Program. Melbourne: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, May 1993.

68. Mullins R, Gibbs A. Smoking restrictions in some of Victoria's main companies: 1994 update. Prepared for the Victorian Smoking and Health Program. Melbourne: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, August 1994.

69. National Heart Foundation of Australia (NSW Division). National Heart Foundation smoking in the workplace survey results, 1990, 1991 and 1992 [unpublished report]. Surry Hills: National Heart Foundation of Australia (NSW Division), 1992.

70. Extent of and opinions about workplace smoking restrictions and effect on cigarette consumption. In: South Australian Smoking and Health Project. Evaluation Report 1989 No 1. Adelaide: South Australian Smoking and Health Project, 1991: 71-83.

71. South Australian Smoking and Health Project. Extent of and opinions about restrictions on smoking at work [unpublished report]. North Adelaide: South Australian Smoking and Health Project, 1992.

72. Straton RG, Sweeney JC. Smoking in the workplace. Report on a survey among employees. Institute for Social Program Evaluation, Murdoch University. Perth: Smoking and Health Project, Health Department of Western Australia, August 1985.

73. The Marketing Centre Pty Ltd. Summary results of a study conducted into employees' attitudes towards smoking in the workplace. Prepared for Health Promotion Department (Western Australia). Perth: The Marketing Centre Pty Ltd, 1991.

74. New South Wales Cancer Council Public Opinion Survey. Smoking in the workplace. Sydney: New South Wales Cancer Council, July 1990.

75. Borland R. Changes in prevalence of and attitudes to restrictions on smoking in the workplace among indoor workers in the state of Victoria, Australia, 1988-90. Tobacco Control 1992; 1: 19-24.

76. Borland R, Owen N, Hill D, Chapman S. Staff members' acceptance of the introduction of workplace smoking bans in the Australian public service. Med J Aust 1989; 151: 525-528.

77. Borland R, Owen N, Hill D, Chapman S. Changes in acceptance of workplace smoking bans following their implementation: a prospective study. Preventive Medicine 1990; 19: 314-322.

78. Borland R, Chapman S, Owen N, Hill D. Effects of workplace smoking bans on cigarette consumption. Am J Public Health 1990; 80: 178-180

79. Borland R, Owen N, Hocking B. Changes in smoking behaviour after a total workplace smoking ban. Aust J Public Health 1991; 15: 130-134.

80. Stickels G. Lost output on the smoke threshold. Business Review Weekly 1994 September 26: 85-86.

81. Hill D, Borland R. Adults' accounts of onset of regular smoking: influences of school, work and other settings. Public Health Reports 1991; 106: 181-185.

82. Pierce JP, Naquin M, Gilpin E, Giovino G, Mills S, Marcus S. Smoking initiation in the United States: A role for worksite and college smoking bans. JNCI 1991; 83: 1009-1013.

83. Woodruff TJ, Rosbrook B, Pierce J, Glantz SA. Lower levels of cigarette consumption found in smokefree workplaces in California. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153 [In press].

84. Chapman S, Borland R, Hill D, Owen N, Woodward S. Why the tobacco industry fears the passive smoking issue. Int Journal Health Services 1990; 20: 417-427.

85. Borland R, Owen N, Hill D, Schofield P. Predicting attempts and sustained cessation of smoking after the introduction of workplace smoking bans. Health Psychology 1991; 10: 336-342.

86. Sorensen G, Rigotti N, Rosen A, Pinney J, Prible R. Effects of a worksite nonsmoking policy: evidence for increased cessation. Am J Public Health 1991; 81: 202-204.

87. Athanasou JA. Sickness absence and smoking behaviour and its consequences. A review. J Occup Med 1975; 17: 441-445.

88. Rogers B. Disability and cigarette smoking in Canada -- 1978-79. World Smoking and Health 1986; Summer: 16-19.

89. Athanasou JA. Smoking and absenteeism [Letter]. Med J Aust 1979; 2: 234-236.

90. Smith GC, Athanasou JA, Reid CC, Ng TKW, Ferguson DA. Sickness absence, respiratory impairment and smoking in industry. Med J Aust 1981: 1: 235-237.

91. Smith RL, Dawes L, Bush R. Sickies and smoking: why human resource managers favour smokefree workplaces. In: Seminar Proceedings. Workplace smoking: Legal implications and workplace programs. Industrial Program Service and University of Western Sydney, Nepean. The Gazebo Hotel, Parramatta, 1992 April 7: 5-16.

92. Batenburg M, Reinken J. The relationship between sickness absence from work and pattern of cigarette smoking. Med J NZ 1990; 103: 11-13.

93. Hocking B, Grain H, Gordon I. Cost to industry of illnesses related to alcohol and smoking. A study of Telecom Australia employees. Med J Aust 1994; 161: 407-412.

94. Ryan J, Zwerling C, Orav EJ. Occupational risks associated with smoking: a prospective study. Am J Public Health 1992; 82: 29-32.

95. Ferguson M. In: Proceedings: Conference on Alcohol and Drugs in the Workplace 'Reducing the costs'. World Congress Centre, Melbourne 18-19 April 1991. Canberra: Department of Community Services and Health, 1991: 42.

96. Conciliation Commissioner Connor (No 692 of 89. Kogarah Municipal Council v the Federated Municipal and Shire Council Employees' Union of Australia) 9 August 1989.

97. Conciliation Commissioner O'Neill (No 1272/1990. Hogbin Excelsior v the Federated Storemen and Packers' Union of Australia, NSW Branch) 3 September 1990.

98. Conciliation Commissioner Caesar (No 2163/1990. Albany International Pty Ltd v Amalgamated Footwear and Textile Workers' Union of Australia, NSW Branch) 2 November 1990.

99. Turner C. (Asian Tobacco Council Ltd, Hong Kong). Tobacco: the battle for social acceptance. Paper presented at the Sixth World Tobacco Exhibition and Symposium, Vienna, 22-25 October 1990: 10.

100. Chapman S. Smoking in the workplace [Letter]. Lancet 1992; 339: 1614.

101. Syvret P. Wills lashes 'outrageous' fees as tobacco sales fall. The Australian Financial Review 1993 April 29: 22.

102 WD & HO Wills. Submission to the Industry Commission inquiry into the tobacco growing and manufacturing industries. February 1994: 43.

103. For example, Tobacco Institute of Australia. Do you mind if I smoke? [Advertisement]. Australian Women's Weekly 1985 March: 86-89, and its advertisement against which the Australian Federation of Consumer Organisations took action -- 'A message from those who do -- to those who don't.' This advertisement appeared in major daily newspapers in early July 1986; a specific reference is The Age 1986 4 July: 6. See also Chapter 14.

104. Tobacco Institute of Australia Ltd. An introduction to the Tobacco Institute's 'Smoking in the Workplace'. A helpful guide for management who believe that responsibility, courtesy and tolerance are important in the workforce. Sydney Cove: Tobacco Institute of Australia Ltd, October 1988.

105. Tobacco Institute of Australia. Workplace smoking policy guidelines [pamphlet]. Sydney: Tobacco Institute of Australia (undated).

106. New South Wales Cancer Council Public Opinion Survey. Smoking and common courtesy. Sydney: New South Wales Cancer Council, July 1990.

107. Hanauer P. The right to smoke? ANR (Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights) Update 1991; 10(2): 3.

107a Courson D, Young C, Enz C 1996. Should NYC's restaurants lighten up? Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, April:25-33.

107b. University of California San Francisco 1997. Press Release. "New Smokefree Bar Study: No economic impact." 4 November, 1997.

108. Hill D. Public opinion about smoking in restaurants and at work [Letter]. Med J Aust 1986; 145: 657-658.

109. Borland R, Hill D. Public attitudes to smokefree zones in restaurants [Letter]. Med J Aust 1989; 150: 407.

110. Borland R, Hill D. Public attitudes to smokefree zones in restaurants -- an update [Letter]. Med J Aust 1991; 154: 292-293.

111. National Heart Foundation of Australia, ACT Division. Survey shows strong support for smoking ban [Media release]. Canberra: 28 January, 1992.

112. Reark Research. Smoking in restaurants. Prepared for: Knowles Bristow Advertising Pty Ltd. Milton, Queensland: Reark Research, 1989.

113. New South Wales Cancer Council Public Opinion Survey. Smoking in restaurants. Sydney: New South Wales Cancer Council, July 1990.

114. Northern Territory Department of Health and Community Services. Survey report: Smokefree areas in restaurants. Darwin: Northern Territory Department of Health and Community Services, 1991.

115. Wakefield M, Roberts L. Public opinion about smoking restrictions in dining establishments. In: South Australian Smoking and Health Project. Evaluation Report 1990-1991 No 2. North Adelaide: South Australian Smoking and Health Project, 1992: 61-66.

116. Roberts C, Algert C, Chey T, Capon A. Community attitudes to smoking in restaurants [Letter]. Med J Aust 1992; 157: 210.

117. Mullins R. A survey of patrons of Melbourne restaurants on the provision of smokefree dining. In: Victorian Smoking and Health Program. Quit Evaluation Studies No 6, 1990-1991. Melbourne: Victorian Smoking and Health Program, 1992: 141-146.

118. Bayliss P. Non-smoking rules, OK? Medical Observer 1991 November 22: 13.

119. Schofield MJ, Considine R, Boyle CA, Sanson-Fisher R. Smoking control in restaurants: the effectiveness of self-regulation in Australia. Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 1284-1288.

120. Anonymous. Smoke no fire at Pizza Hut. Hospitality Foodserve 1992 August: 3.

121. Anonymous. Fast food chains ban smoking. Sunday Mail [Adelaide] 1993 April 4: 1-2.

122. Morris L. Big Mac stubs out the weed. The Sydney Morning Herald 1994 February 25: 3.

123. Air Navigation (Smoking) Amendment Bill 1987.

124. House of Representatives, Hansard. 1988 November 30: 3608-3609. Mr Ronald Edwards (Stirling).

125. Voumard S, Longo E. Smoking to be banned on international flights soon. The Age 1990 May 26: 3.

126. Crouch B. Flights to ban smoking. The Sunday Herald Sun [Melbourne] 1994 October 30: 7.

127. World Health Organization. Forty-Sixth World Health Assembly. WHO Programme on tobacco or health: Implementation of resolutions on smoking and travel. Geneva: World Health Organization 1993 March 15: 5.

128. Anonymous. Nations join to win smoking ban. The Australian 1992 October 23: 26.

129. Ballantyne T. Airlines go all out to clear airways. The Sydney Morning Herald 1994 August 17: 5.

130. Federal Airports Corporation. No smoking, please! [Advertisement]. The West Australian 1992 June 13: 20.

131. Walker N. Reducing passive smoking exposure among the aged. Dissertation for Master of Public Health Degree. Perth: University of Western Australia, 1994.

132. Victorian Smoking and Health Program. Policy and procedure guidelines for smokefree schools. Melbourne: Victorian Smoking and Health Program, 1992.

133. Anonymous. Smoking ban. Herald-Sun (Melbourne) 1991 April 17: 23.

134. Australian Council on Smoking and Health. Smoking policies in cinemas and theatres in Perth [unpublished report]. Perth: Australian Council on Smoking and Health, 1992.

135. Spencer G. The shrinking ashtray. Ashes to Dust 1993; 10(1): 4.

136. Jovetic M. Shopping centres butt out smoking. The Herald-Sun 1994 August 17: 9.

137. Mills S. Most want more bans on smoking in public: poll. The Age 1986 April 12: 13.

138. McIntosh P. Most want smoking ban in workplaces and shops. The Age 1991 August 29: 17.

139. Mullins R, Borland R, Hill D. Smoking knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in Victoria: Results from the 1990 and 1991 Household Surveys. In: Victorian Smoking and Health Program. Quit Evaluation Studies No 6, 1990-1991. Melbourne: Victorian Smoking and Health Program, 1992: 1-30.

140. Department of Health, Housing, Local Government and Community Services. Knowledge, attitudes and policy preferences concerning drugs. Ref No A41331 , Catalogue No 93 24549. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1993.

141. Scollo M. New research -- people want smokefree public places [Media release]. Melbourne: Victorian Smoking and Health Program 1993 14 January.

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