From farm to cigarette: Slavery in the nicotine supply chain

To maximise profit, the global tobacco corporations responsible for this production often exploit farmers and workers, keeping them in what a recent exposé by the Bath University Tobacco Research Group has labelled “slavery by another name”.^1,2

Big Tobacco corporations encourage the governments of some of the world’s poorest countries, like Malawi and Bangladesh, to promote tobacco growing.

In countries where many or most people live on less than $5.50USD per day, farmers are promised good returns but struggle to make a profit.^2-4 The tobacco buyers have far more power than the farmers so companies are able to conduct the trade in their favour, commonly by luring or coercing farmers into special contracts that require them to sell their crop exclusively to the global tobacco companies.^2-4

• These farmers are restricted when getting money for their crop but need to buy expensive fertiliser and pesticides, which they must borrow money to afford, often creating a cycle of “perpetual debt”.^3-5

• They live on their small farms, in homes they build from mud and thatch, and are unable to afford little more than a small portion of maize or grain for the day.⁶

• They also work without protective clothing and the oil from the tobacco plants is absorbed through their skin causing green tobacco sickness, a disease like malaria with nausea, vomiting, headaches, chills, diarrhoea and muscle weakness.^{2, 5, 7}

This exploitation also includes children.

• In poor countries, farmers often use their children to work their fields just to make ends meet.

• Even in the US, migrant child labour is often used on tobacco farms,⁶ where they are underpaid and work without protective clothing.

• Big Tobacco companies have often saved up to $1.2 billion every year through relying on child labour. ^7,8

• They mask their exploitation of workers by creating social responsibility initiatives that make no real change.⁸

All of these forms of labour are exploitative, many of them “amount to a continuation of slavery”, in the words of Rachel Kitonyo-Devotsu, a lawyer for the McCabe Centre for Law and Cancer based in Nairobi.

“Not only is tobacco a dangerous crop that is harming the environment, but it’s impoverishing farmers so that a multinational company can make a profit.” ^8,9